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existential theorem

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  • Original proof of Gödel's completeness theorem — The proof of Gödel s completeness theorem given by Kurt Gödel in his doctoral dissertation of 1929 (and a rewritten version of the dissertation, published as an article in 1930) is not easy to read today; it uses concepts and formalism that are… …   Wikipedia

  • Herbrand's theorem — is a fundamental result of mathematical logic obtained by Jacques Herbrand (1930). [J. Herbrand: Recherches sur la theorie de la demonstration. Travaux de la Societe des Sciences et des Lettres de Varsovie, Class III, Sciences Mathematiques et… …   Wikipedia

  • Karp-Lipton theorem — The Karp–Lipton theorem in complexity theory states that if the boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) can be solved by Boolean circuits with a polynomial number of logic gates, then :Pi 2 , = Sigma 2 , and therefore mathrm{PH} , = Sigma 2 ,.That… …   Wikipedia

  • Existence theorem — In mathematics, an existence theorem is a theorem with a statement beginning there exist(s) .. , or more generally for all x, y, ... there exist(s) ... . That is, in more formal terms of symbolic logic, it is a theorem with a statement involving… …   Wikipedia

  • Post's theorem — In computability theory Post s theorem, named after Emil Post, describes the connection between the arithmetical hierarchy and the Turing degrees. Background The statement of Post s theorem requires several concepts relating to definability and… …   Wikipedia

  • Proof sketch for Gödel's first incompleteness theorem — This article gives a sketch of a proof of Gödel s first incompleteness theorem. This theorem applies to any formal theory that satisfies certain technical hypotheses which are discussed as needed during the sketch. We will assume for the… …   Wikipedia

  • Fagin's theorem — is a result in descriptive complexity theory which states that the set of all properties expressible in existential second order logic is precisely the complexity class NP. It is remarkable since it is a characterization of the class NP which… …   Wikipedia

  • Syllogism — A syllogism (Greek: συλλογισμός – syllogismos – conclusion, inference ) is a kind of logical argument in which one proposition (the conclusion) is inferred from two or more others (the premises) of a certain form. In antiquity, there were… …   Wikipedia

  • First-order logic — is a formal logical system used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science. It goes by many names, including: first order predicate calculus, the lower predicate calculus, quantification theory, and predicate logic (a less… …   Wikipedia

  • List of philosophy topics (D-H) — DDaDai Zhen Pierre d Ailly Jean Le Rond d Alembert John Damascene Damascius John of Damascus Peter Damian Danish philosophy Dante Alighieri Arthur Danto Arthur C. Danto Arthur Coleman Danto dao Daodejing Daoism Daoist philosophy Charles Darwin… …   Wikipedia

  • Laws of Form — (hereinafter LoF ) is a book by G. Spencer Brown, published in 1969, that straddles the boundary between mathematics and of philosophy. LoF describes three distinct logical systems: * The primary arithmetic (described in Chapter 4), whose models… …   Wikipedia

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